background : improvement of facial beauty is a major reason why patients with dentofacial problems opt for orthognathic surgery. people are eventually judged by their facial appearance by themselves, their friends & family and even surgeons. with the recent developments in technology, we now have a 3d structure that can build and analyze 3d images before & after surgery and review the extent of...

this study deals with the 3d recovering of magnetic susceptibility model by incorporating the sparsity-based constraints in the inversion algorithm. for this purpose, the area under prospect was divided into a large number of rectangular prisms in a mesh with unknown susceptibilities. tikhonov cost functions with two sparsity functions were used to recover the smooth parts as well as the sharp ...

This paper examines procedural modeling as a tool for 3D modeling creation. Procedural modeling historically has been used for 3D visualization of natural features, but with the release of the software CityEngine in 2008, the technology can easily be adopted also in problem domains dealing with urban environments. Then, we will examine and compare two types of modeling, traditional and proc...

reliable characterization of subsurface soil in urban areas is a major concern in geotechnical and geological engineering projects. in this regard, this research deals with development of a 3d geological engineering model on mashhad city soil using sequential gaussian simulation (sgs) approach. the intense variability of soil in the study area has sometimes caused serious problems in civil engi...

Reservoir modeling is the process of generating numerical representations of reservoir conditions and properties on the basis of geological, geophysical, and engineering data measured on the Earth’s surface or in depth at a limited number of borehole locations. Therefore, reservoir modeling requires an incorporation of the data from a variety of sources, along with an integration of knowledge a...

The advent of 3D printers has been embraced globally within few years of its emergence. The surge in the acceptability of rapid manufacturing RM technology can be attributed to the depletion and cost of natural resources, waste reduction and sustainability criterion of manufactured parts. This rapidly evolving 3D printing technologies is predicted to grow exponentially especially for the manufa...

The complex organic forms we find in nature are typically difficult to geometrically model using traditional 3D modelling tools. This is because they often have complex surfaces and large number of components, which are tedious to create when manipulating the geometric model directly. One approach to this problem is to generate the geometry through simulation. The Simplicial Developmental Syste...

Several existing procedural modeling systems are able to generate large 3D models of cities. However, none of these systems can automatically create 3D models of freeways and freeway interchanges, even though these are important features in 3D urban landscape. We have implemented a system that automatically creates 3D models of road surfaces, bridges, tunnels, freeways, and freeway interchanges...

This chapter proposes a representation of rigid three-dimensional (3D) objects in terms of local affine-invariant descriptors of their images and the spatial relationships between the corresponding surface patches. Geometric constraints associated with different views of the same patches under affine projection are combined with a normalized representation of their appearance to guide the match...

backgrounds: evidence is accumulating to support disruption of tissue architecture as a powerful event in tumor formation. for the past four decades, intensive cancer research with the premise of “cancer as a cell based-disease” focused on finding oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. however, the role of the tissue architecture was neglected. three dimensional (3d) cell cultures which can recap...